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In infants that weigh under 1500 g, sepsis is the most common cause of death. Three to four percent of infants per 1000 births contract sepsis. The mortality rate from sepsis is near 25%. [36] Infected sepsis in an infant can be identified by culturing the blood and spinal fluid and if suspected, intravenous antibiotics are usually started.
Neonatal sepsis. Neonatal sepsis is a type of neonatal infection and specifically refers to the presence in a newborn baby of a bacterial blood stream infection (BSI) (such as meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, or gastroenteritis) in the setting of fever. Older textbooks may refer to neonatal sepsis as "sepsis neonatorum".
Chronic diarrhea (alternate spelling: diarrhoea) of infancy, also called toddler's diarrhea, is a common condition typically affecting up to 1.7 billion children between ages 6–30 months worldwide every year, usually resolving by age 4. [1] [2] According to the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrheal disease is the second greatest cause of ...
Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhoeal disease among infants and young children. [1] Nearly every child in the world is infected with a rotavirus at least once by the age of five. [2] Immunity develops with each infection, so subsequent infections are less severe. Adults are rarely affected. [3]
There are many causes of infectious diarrhea, which include viruses, bacteria and parasites. [29] Infectious diarrhea is frequently referred to as gastroenteritis. [30] Norovirus is the most common cause of viral diarrhea in adults, [31] but rotavirus is the most common cause in children under five years old. [32]
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that affects premature or very low birth weight infants. [4][1] Symptoms may include poor feeding, bloating, decreased activity, blood in the stool, vomiting of bile, multi-organ failure, and potentially death. [1][2] The exact cause is unclear. [1]
The incidence decreases with advancing gestational age, from about 50% in babies born at 26–28 weeks to about 25% at 30–31 weeks. The syndrome is more frequent in males, Caucasians, infants of diabetic mothers and the second-born of premature twins. [7]
These early symptoms can include diarrhea (which is often bloody), stomach cramps, mild fever, [10] or vomiting that results in dehydration and reduced urine. [9] HUS typically develops about 5–10 days after the first symptoms, but can take up to 3 weeks to manifest, and occurs at a time when the diarrhea is improving. [ 10 ]