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Glass and metals are examples of isotropic materials. [3] Common anisotropic materials include wood (because its material properties are different parallel to and perpendicular to the grain) and layered rocks such as slate. Isotropic materials are useful since they are easier to shape, and their behavior is easier to predict.
Anisotropy (/ ˌ æ n aɪ ˈ s ɒ t r ə p i, ˌ æ n ɪ-/) is the structural property of non-uniformity in different directions, as opposed to isotropy. An anisotropic object or pattern has properties that differ according to direction of measurement.
In diffusion theory, radiance is taken to be largely isotropic, so only the isotropic and first-order anisotropic terms are used: (, ^,) = =, (,), (^) where n, m are the expansion coefficients. Radiance is expressed with 4 terms: one for n = 0 (the isotropic term) and 3 terms for n = 1 (the anisotropic terms).
A basic distinction is between isotropic materials, which exhibit the same properties regardless of the direction of the light, and anisotropic ones, which exhibit different properties when light passes through them in different directions. The optical properties of matter can lead to a variety of interesting optical phenomena.
Paradoxically, every antenna of any type, shorter than ~ 1 / 10 wave in its longest dimension is approximately isotropic, but no real antenna can ever be exactly isotropic. An antenna that is exactly isotropic is only a mathematical model , used as the base of comparison to calculate either the directivity or gain of real antennas.
P-wave anisotropic prestack depth migration (APSDM) can produce a seismic image that is very accurate in depth and space. As a result, unlike isotropic PSDM, it is consistent with well data and provides an ideal input for reservoir characterization studies. However, this accuracy can only be achieved if correct anisotropy parameters are used.
An important goal of micromechanics is predicting the anisotropic response of the heterogeneous material on the basis of the geometries and properties of the individual phases, a task known as homogenization. [3] Micromechanics allows predicting multi-axial responses that are often difficult to measure experimentally.
The Tensorial Anisotropy Index A T [5] extends the Zener ratio for fully anisotropic materials and overcomes the limitation of the AU that is designed for materials exhibiting internal symmetries of elastic crystals, which is not always observed in multi-component composites. It takes into consideration all the 21 coefficients of the fully ...