Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
There are two main descriptions of motion: dynamics and kinematics.Dynamics is general, since the momenta, forces and energy of the particles are taken into account. In this instance, sometimes the term dynamics refers to the differential equations that the system satisfies (e.g., Newton's second law or Euler–Lagrange equations), and sometimes to the solutions to those equations.
It can also be seen that the Maxwell–Boltzmann velocity distribution for the vector velocity [v x, v y, v z] is the product of the distributions for each of the three directions: (,,) = () where the distribution for a single direction is = ().
The standard example of a mechanical transport process is Newton's law of viscosity, which states that the shear stress is linearly proportional to the strain rate. The strain rate γ {\displaystyle \gamma } is the rate of change streaming velocity in the x-direction, with respect to the y-coordinate, γ = d e f ∂ u x / ∂ y {\displaystyle ...
This is the formula for the relativistic doppler shift where the difference in velocity between the emitter and observer is not on the x-axis. There are two special cases of this equation. The first is the case where the velocity between the emitter and observer is along the x-axis.
If correctly selected, it reaches terminal velocity, which can be measured by the time it takes to pass two marks on the tube. Electronic sensing can be used for opaque fluids. Knowing the terminal velocity, the size and density of the sphere, and the density of the liquid, Stokes' law can be used to calculate the viscosity of the fluid. A ...
Restricting the coordinates is a simple operation which can be described with the following code, where x_size is the length of the box in one direction (assuming an orthogonal unit cell centered on the origin) and x is the position of the particle in the same direction:
Consider a semiconductor sample with a rectangular cross section as shown in the figures, a current is flowing in the x-direction and a magnetic field is applied in the z-direction. The resulting Lorentz force will accelerate the electrons ( n -type materials) or holes ( p -type materials) in the (− y ) direction, according to the right hand ...
Diffusion is of fundamental importance in many disciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology. Some example applications of diffusion: Sintering to produce solid materials (powder metallurgy, production of ceramics) Chemical reactor design; Catalyst design in chemical industry; Steel can be diffused (e.g., with carbon or nitrogen) to modify its ...