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Ammonium sulfate is an inorganic salt with a high solubility that disassociates into ammonium (NH + 4) and sulfate (SO 2− 4) in aqueous solutions. [1] Ammonium sulfate is especially useful as a precipitant because it is highly soluble, stabilizes protein structure, has a relatively low density, is readily available, and is relatively inexpensive.
Calcium carbonate precipitates as a solid, leaving ammonium sulfate in the solution. (NH 4) 2 CO 3 + CaSO 4 → (NH 4) 2 SO 4 + CaCO 3. Ammonium sulfate occurs naturally as the rare mineral mascagnite in volcanic fumaroles and due to coal fires on some dumps. [14] Ammonium sulfate is a byproduct in the production of methyl methacrylate. [15]
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Salt compounds dissociate in aqueous solutions. This property is exploited in the process of salting out. When the salt concentration is increased, some of the water molecules are attracted by the salt ions, which decreases the number of water molecules available to interact with the charged part of the protein. [3]
Hydroxylammonium sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula [NH 3 OH] 2 SO 4. A colorless solid, it is the sulfate salt of hydroxylamine . It is primarily used as an easily handled form of hydroxylamine, which is a volatile liquid.
Ammonium chlorate is an inorganic compound with the formula NH 4 ClO 3.. It is obtained by neutralizing chloric acid with either ammonia or ammonium carbonate, or by precipitating barium, strontium or calcium chlorates with ammonium carbonate or ammonium sulfate, producing the respective carbonate or sulfate precipitate and an ammonium chlorate solution.
The ammonium, sodium, and potassium salts adopt very similar structures in the solid state, according to X-ray crystallography. In the ammonium salt, the O-O distance is 1.497 Å. The sulfate groups are tetrahedral, with three short S-O distances near 1.44 Å and one long S-O bond at 1.64 Å. [5]
Ammonium iron(II) sulfate, or Mohr's salt, is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH 4) 2 SO 4 ·Fe(SO 4)·6H 2 O. Containing two different cations, Fe 2+ and NH + 4, it is classified as a double salt of ferrous sulfate and ammonium sulfate. It is a common laboratory reagent because it is readily crystallized, and crystals resist oxidation ...