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Ochre pigment. Ochre (/ ˈ oʊ k ər / OH-kər; from Ancient Greek ὤχρα (ṓkhra), from ὠχρός (ōkhrós) 'pale'), iron ochre, or ocher in American English, is a natural clay earth pigment, a mixture of ferric oxide and varying amounts of clay and sand. [2] It ranges in colour from yellow to deep orange or brown.
Otjize is a mixture of butterfat and ochre pigment used by the Himba people of Namibia to protect themselves from the harsh desert climate. The paste is often perfumed with the aromatic resin of Commiphora multijuga ( omuzumba ).
Red ochre takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an anhydrous iron oxide, and the main ingredient of rust. It was one of the earliest pigments used by man. Hand prints made by using red ochre have been found in the Pech Merle cave in Southern France. They date to between 16,000 and 25,000 BC.
Scheele's Green: yellowish-green pigment commonly used during the early to mid-19th century (AsCuHO 3) Paris Green: It was manufactured in 1814 to be a pigment to make a vibrant green paint; Cadmium pigments. Cadmium green: a light green pigment consisting of a mixture of cadmium yellow (CdS) and chrome green (Cr 2 O 3). Chromium pigments
Pigments for sale at a market stall in Goa, India. A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance. Pigments are completely or nearly insoluble and chemically unreactive in water or another medium; in contrast, dyes are colored substances which are soluble or go into solution at some stage in their use.
Golden ochre is one of the oldest paints, known as a painting material since the times of cave paintings. In wall painting it is one of the main yellow pigments. Golden ochre has good density, the same covering power, high light fastness, pure color and soft structure. To this day it is used in all painting techniques without exception.
The anhydrous pigment has a dark purple-red or maroon color, hydrates' colors vary from dull yellow (yellow ochre) to warm red. [1]The iron oxide red is extremely stable: it is not affected by light and most chemicals (soluble in hot concentrated acids); heat only affects the hydrated variants (the water is removed, and the color darkens).
The pigment was valued for its quality and the genuine product was marked with a seal to show its authenticity. In the Renaissance "sinopia" or "sinoper" meant any of a range of different shades and hues, and the colour had a variety of names; it was sometimes called Venetian red , or Terra di Siena (Sienna earth), or Ocra rosso (red ochre). [ 2 ]