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Providing gender specific care to girls has enabled the courts to use its power as a tool for transformation, allowing girls to become empowered in the process. [23] Australian juvenile court recognizes the need to treat young women offenders with gender specific services. These specific services are away from male offenders.
Gender-responsive prisons (also known as gender-responsive corrections or gender-responsive programming) are prisons constructed to provide gender-specific care to incarcerated women. Contemporary sex-based prison programs were presented as a solution to the rapidly increasing number of women in the prison industrial complex and the ...
The way victimization is gendered also impacts how women experience and respond to their victimization. Although victimization during childhood or adolescence is a predictor for female and male offending, the literature suggests it is a stronger predictor for females. [5]
While these programs were found to be successful, it was noted that other male-oriented programming such as urine testing and drug education courses were generally ineffective for female offenders. [12] Only during the 1980s and 1990s did research regarding gender-specific programming for women become more prevalent.
Women in American prisons encounter numerous difficulties that often involve mental health problems, drug and alcohol issues, and trauma. These challenges not only make navigating the criminal justice system more difficult for women but also highlights broader societal issues such as gender-based violence, economic inequalities, and lack of mental health support. [1]
Paralleling male and female inmate social structures, she suggests that notable differences in these cultural systems were due almost entirely to broader cultural definitions. [8] Gendered perceptions in these and in other writings and prisons are dependent on contemporary society's gender roles.
It is the view of the feminist school of criminology that a majority of criminological theories were developed through studies on male subjects and focused on male criminality, and that criminologists often would "add women and stir" rather than develop separate theories on female criminality.
Money proposed and developed several theories related to the topics of gender identity and gender roles, and coined terms like gender role [25] and lovemap. He popularised the term paraphilia (appearing in the DSM-III , which would later replace perversions ) and introduced the term sexual orientation in place of sexual preference , arguing ...