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Potassium nitrate can be made by combining ammonium nitrate and potassium hydroxide. NH 4 NO 3 + KOH → NH 3 + KNO 3 + H 2 O. An alternative way of producing potassium nitrate without a by-product of ammonia is to combine ammonium nitrate, found in instant ice packs, [30] and potassium chloride, easily obtained as a sodium-free salt substitute.
For mixtures and types of explosives, see Category:Explosives Subcategories ... Polyvinyl nitrate; Potassium picrate; Prismane; Propylene glycol dinitrate; R. R-salt;
a nitrate, typically potassium nitrate (KNO 3), which supplies oxygen for the reaction; charcoal, which provides carbon and other fuel for the reaction, simplified as carbon (C); sulfur (S), which, while also serving as a fuel, lowers the temperature required to ignite the mixture, thereby increasing the rate of combustion.
Black powder propellant must be pressed very tightly in order to function well. Motors designed with black powder are most often end-burners, due to the fast burn rate of this propellant. A simple dextrin-free version (the most commonly used formulation) incorporates 75% potassium nitrate, 10% sulphur, and 15% charcoal. [4]
The velocity of detonation is an important indicator for overall energy and power of detonation, and in particular for the brisance or shattering effect of an explosive which is due to the detonation pressure. The pressure can be calculated using Chapman-Jouguet theory from the velocity and density.
The particles need to be very small and fine so that they can be dispersed well throughout the solution. Some salts that are commonly used include: ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrate, sodium perchlorate and potassium chlorate. The sensitivity of the explosive must be increased in order to improve the initiation of the detonation of the explosive.
In 2013, ammonium nitrate was the cause of an explosion at a fertilizer plant in West, Texas, killing 15 people, injuring 200 and wiping out hundreds of homes. Federal officials later found the ...
Sprengel explosives are a generic class of materials invented by Hermann Sprengel in the 1870s. [1] They consist of stoichiometric mixtures of strong oxidisers and reactive fuels , mixed just prior to use in order to enhance safety.