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  2. File:DMF open and closed system.pdf - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:DMF_open_and_closed...

    English: Open and Closed Digital Microfluidic Systems: Applied voltage to an adjacent electrode creates an interfacial tension gradient that causes an aqueous droplet to move towards the charged electrode. Each electrode is controlled individually via a control pin that manipulates when voltage is applied.

  3. Open system (systems theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_system_(systems_theory)

    Open systems have input and output flows, representing exchanges of matter, energy or information with its surroundings. An open system is a system that has external interactions. Such interactions can take the form of information, energy, or material transfers into or out of the system boundary, depending on the discipline which defines the ...

  4. Thermodynamic system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermodynamic_system

    Properties of isolated, closed, and open thermodynamic systems in exchanging energy and matter. A thermodynamic system is a body of matter and/or radiation separate from its surroundings that can be studied using the laws of thermodynamics.

  5. Systems theory in anthropology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_theory_in_anthropology

    The open systems are systems that allow interactions between its internal elements and the environment. An open system is defined as a "system in exchange of matter with its environment, presenting import and export, building-up and breaking-down of its material components." [4] For example, living organism. Closed systems, on the other hand ...

  6. Closed system (control theory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system_(control_theory)

    A 1993 paper, General Systems Theory by David S. Walonick, Ph.D., states in part, "A closed system is one where interactions occur only among the system components and not with the environment. An open system is one that receives input from the environment and/or releases output to the environment.

  7. Feed forward (control) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed_forward_(control)

    In systems theory, an open system is a feed forward system that does not have any feedback loop to control its output. In contrast, a closed system uses on a feedback loop to control the operation of the system. In an open system, the output of the system is not fed back into the input to the system for control or operation. [citation needed]

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  9. Closed system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed_system

    In nonrelativistic classical mechanics, a closed system is a physical system that does not exchange any matter with its surroundings, and is not subject to any net force whose source is external to the system. [1] [2] A closed system in classical mechanics would be equivalent to an isolated system in thermodynamics. Closed systems are often ...

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