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Mixed farming is a type of farming which involves both the growing of crops and the raising of livestock. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Such agriculture occurs across Asia and in countries such as India , Malaysia , Indonesia , Afghanistan , South Africa , China , Central Europe , Nordic countries , Canada , and Russia .
It uses between 20 and 33% of the world's fresh water, [81] Livestock, and the production of feed for them, occupy about a third of the Earth's ice-free land. [82] Livestock production contributes to species extinction, desertification, [83] and habitat destruction. [84] and is the primary driver of the Holocene extinction.
A catt of the Bakhtiari people, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, Iran Global map of pastoralism, its origins and historical development [1]. Pastoralism is a form of animal husbandry where domesticated animals (known as "livestock") are released onto large vegetated outdoor lands for grazing, historically by nomadic people who moved around with their herds. [2]
Mixed farming Mixed farming systems involves livestock keeping integrated with other agricultural activities. These systems are similar to small-scale systems, but tend to be in a more rural setting, given the need for larger tracts of land for crop production. As with small-scale livestock production, access to formal markets is critical.
The agricultural economy gradually developed around Neolithic villages following the first domestication. The result was economic systems based on agriculture and livestock farming, an economy that could be defined as “agro-pastoral” (or “mixed” agriculture) because livestock farming was fully integrated with plant cultivation. [155] [156]
Subsistence agriculture generally features: small capital/finance requirements, mixed cropping, limited use of agrochemicals (e.g. pesticides and fertilizer), unimproved varieties of crops and animals, little or no surplus yield for sale, use of crude/traditional tools (e.g. hoes, machetes, and cutlasses), mainly the production of crops, small ...
Polyculture is the growing of multiple crops together in the same place at the same time. It has traditionally been the most prevalent form of agriculture. [1] Regions where polycultures form a substantial part of agriculture include the Himalayas, Eastern Asia, South America, and Africa. [2]
It is responsible for somewhere between 20 and 33% of the fresh water usage in the world, [57] and livestock, and the production of feed for them, occupy about a third of Earth's ice-free land. [58] Livestock production is a contributing factor in species extinction, desertification, [59] and habitat destruction. [60]