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Advanced age, chronic hypertension, smoking and diabetes mellitus are risk factors. It is unclear whether there is an association with alcohol consumption, elevated cholesterol, or history of prior stroke. Lacunar strokes may result from carotid artery pathology or microemboli from the heart as in atrial fibrillation.
Hypertension is a strong risk factor. So-called deep-perforating arteries – relatively small arteries branching off of relatively large arteries (most commonly the lenticulostriate arteries from the middle cerebral artery) – are especially prone. [3] Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes are both risk factors for this condition. [citation ...
Atherosclerosis narrows blood vessels in the brain, resulting in decreased cerebral perfusion. Other risk factors that contribute to stroke include smoking and diabetes. [6] Narrowed cerebral arteries can lead to ischemic stroke, but continually elevated blood pressure can also cause tearing of vessels, leading to a hemorrhagic stroke. [4]
Major risk factors for cerebral infarction are generally the same as for atherosclerosis. These include high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, obesity, and dyslipidemia. [13] There are also risks that a person can't control. These include a person's age, family history of strokes, being African American, and being born a male.
It is associated with aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, [5] dementia, [6] and may be seen in response to certain drugs (calcineurin inhibitors). [7] It is often seen in the context of kidney pathology. [4] [8] [9] In hypertension only the afferent arteriole is affected, while in diabetes mellitus, both the afferent and efferent arteriole ...
Since stroke is an essential part of vascular dementia, [13] the goal is to prevent new strokes. This is attempted through reduction of stroke risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high blood lipid levels, atrial fibrillation, or diabetes mellitus. [2] [5] Medications for high blood pressure are used to prevent pre-stroke dementia. [19]
[3] [4] [5] Some non-modifiable risk factors such as age at diabetes onset, type of diabetes, gender, and genetics may influence risk. Other health problems compound the chronic complications of diabetes such as smoking , obesity , high blood pressure , elevated cholesterol levels, and lack of regular exercise .
Smoking, diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease are recognized risk factors that are commonly present in stroke patients. [2] An additional important risk factor is atrial fibrillation. [3] An ischemic stroke's main cause is atherosclerosis. [2]
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