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The Richter scale [1] (/ ˈ r ɪ k t ər /), also called the Richter magnitude scale, Richter's magnitude scale, and the Gutenberg–Richter scale, [2] is a measure of the strength of earthquakes, developed by Charles Richter in collaboration with Beno Gutenberg, and presented in Richter's landmark 1935 paper, where he called it the "magnitude scale". [3]
The list incorporates high-quality earthquake source (i.e., origin time, location and earthquake magnitude) and fatality information from several sources. Earthquake locations are taken from the Centennial Catalog [ 1 ] and the updated Engdahl, van der Hilst and Buland earthquake catalog, [ 2 ] which is complete to December 2005.
Most earthquakes after May 2021 occurred at 10–15 km (6.2–9.3 mi) depth. The M w 7.5 earthquake occurring after the swarm was deemed "rare". The general understanding of earthquake swarms are that due to the high intensity in crustal fracturing, such areas experiencing them are unlikely to generate large earthquakes.
Event Location Magnitude Adjusted for inflation (year) Historic cost (year) 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami: Japan: 9.1 [1]: $320.4 billion (2023) $235 billion (2011) [2] 2008 Sichuan earthquake
see April 2011 Fukushima earthquake: 37.007 140.477 4 7.1 M w (USGS) Centred 36 km west of Iwaki, Honshu, Japan, at a depth of 13.1 km. [14] May 11, 2011 16:47 Spain see 2011 Lorca earthquake: 37.699 -1.673 9 5.1 M w (USGS) Centred 50 km SW of Murcia, Spain, at a depth of 1 km. [15] May 19, 2011 20:15 Western Turkey see 2011 Kütahya earthquake ...
Like other earthquakes recorded in western Japan between 1891 and 1948, the 1995 earthquake had a strike-slip mechanism that accommodated east–west shortening of the Eurasian plate due to its collision with the Philippine Sea plate in central Honshu. [13] The Mj 7.3 earthquake struck at 05:46:53 JST on the morning of January 17, 1995. It ...
The most notable of these earthquakes is the 1872 Owens Valley earthquake, with an estimated magnitude of 7.4 M w (preferred; other estimates range as high as 7.9 [114]). The Owens Valley quake is believed to be the greatest earthquake on record and not just for California, but also for the western continental United States. [115]
The earthquake hypocenter was at a depth of 10.0 km (6 mi) according to USGS and 5 km (3 mi) according to KOERI. [2] [34] The shock had a focal mechanism corresponding to strike-slip faulting. [2] [33] It is one of the strongest ever recorded in Turkey, equivalent in magnitude to the 1939 Erzincan earthquake (M w 7.8).