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Bernard Bolzano (UK: / b ɒ l ˈ t s ɑː n oʊ /, US: / b oʊ l t ˈ s ɑː-, b oʊ l ˈ z ɑː-/; German: [bɔlˈtsaːno]; Italian: [bolˈtsaːno]; born Bernardus Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano; 5 October 1781 – 18 December 1848) [5] was a Bohemian mathematician, logician, philosopher, theologian and Catholic priest of Italian extraction, also known for his liberal views.
This is a list of metaphysicians, philosophers who specialize in metaphysics. See also Lists of philosophers . This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.
Books about metaphysics, the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality, the first principles of being, identity and change, space and time, causality, necessity, and possibility.
The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics, one of the foundational texts of the discipline. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the fundamental categories of human ...
This scheme, which is the counterpart of religious tripartition in creature, creation, and Creator, is best known to philosophical students by Kant's treatment of it in the Critique of Pure Reason. In the "Preface" of the 2nd edition of Kant's book, Wolff is defined "the greatest of all dogmatic philosophers." [52]
Gottfried Leibniz, Discourse on Metaphysics, 1686; Nicolas Malebranche, Dialogues on Metaphysics, 1688; John Locke, Two Treatises of Government, 1689; John Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1689; Anne Conway, The Principles of the Most Ancient and Modern Philosophy, 1690; Gottfried Leibniz, New Essays on Human Understanding, 1704 ...
The adherents were bound by a vow to Pythagoras and each other, for the purpose of pursuing the religious and ascetic observances, and of studying his religious and philosophical theories. [156] The members of the sect shared all their possessions in common [ 157 ] and were devoted to each other to the exclusion of outsiders.
For example, "If Swan had not invented the light bulb" is interpreted as "If we intervened on the physical system to prevent Swan's invention". [1] This approach avoids contradictions by clearly separating the intervened system from background conditions. Another solution, proposed by Barry Loewer, uses statistical mechanics to ground ...