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Colloid solutions used in intravenous therapy belong to a major group of volume expanders, and can be used for intravenous fluid replacement. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, [ 50 ] and therefore, they should theoretically preferentially increase the intravascular volume , whereas other types of volume expanders ...
Milk is an emulsified colloid of liquid butterfat globules of 0.1 to 10 micrometer dispersed within a water-based solution.. Interface and colloid science is an interdisciplinary intersection of branches of chemistry, physics, nanoscience and other fields dealing with colloids, heterogeneous systems consisting of a mechanical mixture of particles between 1 nm and 1000 nm dispersed in a ...
Surface science is closely related to interface and colloid science. [2] Interfacial chemistry and physics are common subjects for both. The methods are different. In addition, interface and colloid science studies macroscopic phenomena that occur in heterogeneous systems due to peculiarities of interfaces.
Colloidal particles in water are typically charged, and there is an electrostatic potential, called a zeta potential at their surface. This charged surface of the colloidal particle interacts with a gradient in salt concentration, and this gives rise to diffusiophoretic velocity given by [3] [7]
Estimated force between two charged colloidal particles with radius of 1 μm and surface charge density 2 mC/m 2 suspended in a monovalent electrolyte solutions of different molar concentrations as indicated. The scheme sketches the charged colloidal particles screened by the electrolyte ions.
In 1923, Peter Debye and Erich Hückel reported the first successful theory for the distribution of charges in ionic solutions. [7] The framework of linearized Debye–Hückel theory subsequently was applied to colloidal dispersions by S. Levine and G. P. Dube [8] [9] who found that charged colloidal particles should experience a strong medium-range repulsion and a weaker long-range attraction.
Schematic representation of the different stages and routes of the sol–gel technology. In this chemical procedure, a "sol" (a colloidal solution) is formed that then gradually evolves towards the formation of a gel-like diphasic system containing both a liquid phase and solid phase whose morphologies range from discrete particles to continuous polymer networks.
Often, colloidal particles are suspended in water. In this case, they accumulate a surface charge and an electrical double layer forms around each particle. [ 3 ] The overlap between the diffuse layers of two approaching particles results in a repulsive double layer interaction potential, which leads to particle stabilization.