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Smokeless tobacco keratosis (STK) [4] is a condition which develops on the oral mucosa (the lining of the mouth) in response to smokeless tobacco use. Generally it appears as a white patch, located at the point where the tobacco is held in the mouth. The condition usually disappears once the tobacco habit is stopped.
[10] Age: AC typically affects older individuals, and rarely those under the age of 45. [8] Gender: the condition affects males more commonly than females. Sometimes this ratio is reported as high as 10:1. [8] Additional factors may also play a role, including tobacco use, lip irritation, poor oral hygiene, and ill-fitting dentures. [11]
It usually occurs within the mouth, although sometimes mucosa in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, or genitals may be affected. [10] [11] [12] The cause of leukoplakia is unknown. [6] Risk factors for formation inside the mouth include smoking, chewing tobacco, excessive alcohol, and use of betel nuts.
Smoker melanosis in a patient consuming 2 packs of cigarette per day. Smoking or the use of nicotine-containing drugs is the cause to Smoker's melanosis. [10] [11] Tar-components (benzopyrenes) are also known to stimulate melanocytes to melanin production, and other unknown toxic agents in tobacco may also be the cause.
Tobacco is the greatest single cause of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Using tobacco increases the risk of oral cancer by 3 to 6 times [20] [9] and is responsible for around 40% of all oral cancers. [21] Smokeless tobacco (including chewing tobacco, snuff, snus) also causes oral cancer. [22] [23] [24] Cigar and pipe smoking are also important risk ...
Stomatitis nicotina is a diffuse white patch on the hard palate, usually caused by tobacco smoking, usually pipe or cigar smoking. [2] It is painless, [ 4 ] and it is caused by a response of the palatal oral mucosa to chronic heat.
Individuals who have undergone a transplant, HIV, cancer or use corticosteroids commonly develop candida of the mouth and oral cavity. Other risk factors are dentures and tongue piercing . The typical signs are a white patch that may be associated with burning, soreness, irritation or a white cheesy-like appearance.
Site – gingiva, buccal mucosa, alveolar mucosa, hard palate, floor of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus, penis, vagina, scrotum. Clinical presentation: It is a slow growing, diffuse, exophytic lesion usually covered by leukoplakic patches. Invasive lesions quickly invade bones.