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A retrospective cohort study, also called a historic cohort study, is a longitudinal cohort study used in medical and psychological research. A cohort of individuals that share a common exposure factor is compared with another group of equivalent individuals not exposed to that factor, to determine the factor's influence on the incidence of a ...
Recall bias is of particular concern in retrospective studies that use a case-control design to investigate the etiology of a disease or psychiatric condition. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] For example, in studies of risk factors for breast cancer , women who have had the disease may search their memories more thoroughly than members of the unaffected ...
Research designs vary according to the period(s) of time over which data are collected: Retrospective cohort study : Participants are chosen, then data are collected about their past experiences. Prospective cohort study : Participants are recruited prior to the proposed independent effects being administered or occurring.
Pooled analyses may be either retrospective or prospective. [1] It is often used when the results of individual studies do not allow for a firm conclusion to be drawn. [ 2 ] Unlike meta-analyses, pooled analyses can only be conducted if the included studies used the same study design and statistical models, and if their respective populations ...
An example of an epidemiological question that can be answered using a cohort study is whether exposure to X (say, smoking) associates with outcome Y (say, lung cancer). For example, in 1951, the British Doctors Study was started. Using a cohort which included both smokers (the exposed group) and non-smokers (the unexposed group).
Retrospective cohort study A research study in which the medical records of groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke and those who do not smoke) are compared for a particular outcome. Also called a historic cohort study. (NCI) Retrospective study
For example, it has been shown to provide significant pain relief for people with knee osteoarthritis, according to a study published in the North American Journal of Medical Sciences.
Under longitudinal research methods, the reduction in the research sample will bias the remaining smaller sample. [ citation needed ] Practice effect is also one of the problems: longitudinal studies tend to be influenced because subjects repeat the same procedure many times (potentially introducing autocorrelation ), and this may cause their ...