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Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence. Although algebraic topology primarily uses algebra to study topological ...
Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology ... An example in topology is the composition of paths, ... ISBN 978-0-691-14048-3. ...
Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2002. ISBN 0-521-79540-0. A modern, geometrically flavored introduction to algebraic topology. The book is available free in PDF and PostScript formats on the author's homepage. Kainen, P. C. (1971). "Weak Adjoint Functors". Mathematische Zeitschrift. 122: 1–9.
It has applications in nonabelian algebraic topology, ... as for example in the case of a gauge theory, ... ISBN 978-3-03719-083-8. ...
ISBN 0-387-90422-0. ISBN 3-540-90422-0. The appendix of this book: "Geometry of characteristic classes" is a very neat and profound introduction to the development of the ideas of characteristic classes. Hatcher, Allen, Vector bundles & K-theory; Husemoller, Dale (1966). Fibre bundles (3rd Edition, Springer 1993 ed.). McGraw Hill. ISBN 0387940871.
In mathematics, more specifically algebraic topology, a pair (,) is shorthand for an inclusion of topological spaces:.Sometimes is assumed to be a cofibration.A morphism from (,) to (′, ′) is given by two maps : ′ and : ′ such that ′ =.
Chain (algebraic topology) Betti number; Euler characteristic. Genus; Riemann–Hurwitz formula; Singular homology; Cellular homology; Relative homology; Mayer–Vietoris sequence; Excision theorem; Universal coefficient theorem; Cohomology. List of cohomology theories; Cocycle class; Cup product; Cohomology ring; De Rham cohomology; Čech ...
Topology and geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer Verlag 1993, 1996; Davis, Donald. "Table of immersions and embeddings of real projective spaces" Hatcher, Allen (2001). Algebraic Topology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79160-1