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  2. List of algebraic topology topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_algebraic_topology...

    This is a list of algebraic topology topics. Homology (mathematics) ... (algebraic topology) Betti number; Euler characteristic. ... Example: DE-9IM. Homological algebra

  3. List of topologies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topologies

    The following is a list of named topologies or topological spaces, many of which are counterexamples in topology and related branches of mathematics. This is not a list of properties that a topology or topological space might possess; for that, see List of general topology topics and Topological property .

  4. Betti number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betti_number

    In algebraic topology, the Betti numbers are used to distinguish ... sequence of non-zero Betti numbers. An example is the infinite ... ISBN 0-387-90894-3. Roe ...

  5. List of topology topics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topology_topics

    The term topology was introduced by Johann Benedict Listing in the 19th century, although it was not until the first decades of the 20th century that the idea of a topological space was developed. This is a list of topology topics. See also: Topology glossary; List of topologies; List of general topology topics; List of geometric topology topics

  6. Algebraic topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_topology

    A torus, one of the most frequently studied objects in algebraic topology. Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify up to homotopy equivalence.

  7. Higher category theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_category_theory

    Higher category theory is often applied in algebraic topology ... An example in topology is the composition of paths, ... ISBN 978-0-691-14048-3. ...

  8. Arithmetic topology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_topology

    Arithmetic topology is an area of mathematics that is a combination of algebraic number theory and topology. ... ISBN 978-1-4471-2157-2 ...

  9. Real projective space - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_projective_space

    Topology and geometry, Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer Verlag 1993, 1996; Davis, Donald. "Table of immersions and embeddings of real projective spaces" Hatcher, Allen (2001). Algebraic Topology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79160-1