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Microtechnology's most famous success is the integrated circuit. It has also been used to construct micromachinery. As an offshoot of researchers attempting to further miniaturize microtechnology, nanotechnology emerged in the 1980s, particularly after the invention of new microscopy techniques. [4]
Microtechnology is a set of processes, techniques and tools used to create structures having at least one dimension of a functional feature in order of micrometer (one millionth of a metre, or 10-6 metre, or 1μm), typically within the range of 10 −4 to 10 −7 meters and application of those structures in more complex systems.
Microfabrication technologies originate from the microelectronics industry, and the devices are usually made on silicon wafers even though glass, plastics and many other substrate are in use.
Nanotechnology is the manipulation of matter with at least one dimension sized from 1 to 100 nanometers (nm). At this scale, commonly known as the nanoscale, surface area and quantum mechanical effects become important in describing properties of matter.
An Integrated circuit (IC) as an example application in the field of microelectronics. The chip housing is opened to allow a view of the actual circuit.
Lift-off is applied in cases where a direct etching of structural material would have undesirable effects on the layer below. Lift-off is a cheap alternative to etching in a research context, which permits a slower turn-around time.
Microtechnique is an aggregate of methods used to prepare micro-objects for studying. [1] It is currently being employed in many fields in life science. Two well-known branches of microtechnique are botanical (plant) microtechnique and zoological (animal) microtechnique.
Microchannel in microtechnology is a channel with a hydraulic diameter below 1 mm, usually 1–99 μm. [1] Microchannels are used in fluid control (see Microfluidics), heat transfer (see Micro heat exchanger) and cell migration observation. [2]