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This program was inconsistent with the Battle for Wheat (small plots of land were inappropriately allocated for large-scale wheat production), and the Pontine Marsh was lost during World War II. Fewer than 10,000 peasants resettled on the redistributed land, and peasant poverty remained high. The Battle for Land initiative was abandoned in 1940.
After 887, Italy fell into instability, with many rulers claiming the kingship simultaneously: Berengar I (888 – 896) vassal of the German King Arnulf of Carinthia, reduced to Friuli 889-894, deposed by Arnulf in 896. Guy of Spoleto (889 – 894) opponent of Berengar, ruled most of Italy but was deposed by Arnulf. Lambert of Spoleto (891 – 896)
During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute. [5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State". [ 6 ]
Of the 60 prime ministers, eight served more than 5 years, while seventeen served less than a year. Benito Mussolini was the longest-serving head of government, having settled a dictatorship and ruled the country for a record of 20 years and 267 days; [1] [2] Tommaso Tittoni was the shortest-serving prime minister, having governed for 16 days only in 1905.
After World War I, Avenue Victor-Emmanuel III in Paris was named after him in honour of Italy's alliance in that war, but the king's support of the Axis Powers led the road to be renamed Franklin D. Roosevelt Avenue in 1946 following the end of World War II.
In 1940, Mussolini took his country into World War II on the side of Nazi Germany, but was soon met with military failure. By the autumn of 1943, he was reduced to being the leader of a German puppet state in northern Italy, and was faced with the Allied advance from the south, and an increasingly violent internal conflict with the partisans ...
The fifth phase (1940–1943) was World War II itself, ending in military defeat, while the sixth and final phase (1943–1945) was the rump Salò Government under German control. [2] Italy was a leading member of the Axis powers in World War II, battling with initial success on several fronts.
Since 1948, there have been 12 presidents of Italy. The official residence of the president is the Quirinal Palace in Rome. Among the Italian presidents, three came from Campania (all from Naples), three from Piedmont, two each from Sardinia (both from Sassari) and from Tuscany, one from Liguria, and one from Sicily. No woman has ever held the ...