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Birching in a women's prison, US (c. 1890) 1839 caricature by George Cruikshank of a school flogging Edmund Bonner punishing a heretic in Foxe's Book of Martyrs (1563) It was the most common school and judicial punishment in Europe up to the mid-19th century, when caning gained increasing popularity.
Judicial birching was abolished in the Isle of Man in 1993 following the 1978 judgment in Tyrer v. UK by the European Court of Human Rights. [64] The last birching had taken place in January 1976; the last caning, of a 13-year-old boy convicted of robbing another child of 10p, was the last recorded juvenile case in May 1971. [65]
Articles relating to the domestic donkey (Equus africanus asinus). It is a hoofed mammal in the family Equidae, the same family as the horse. It derives from the African wild ass, Equus africanus. It was domesticated in Africa some 5000–7000 years ago,and has been used mainly as a working animal since that time.
Switches are typically made of strong and flexible wood such as hazel, birch, or hickory. [citation needed] Willow branches are also used, as well as branches from strong trees and large shrubs.
Pillories were a common form of punishment.. Public humiliation exists in many forms. In general, a criminal sentenced to one of many forms of this punishment could expect themselves be placed (restrained) in a central, public, or open location so that their fellow citizens could easily witness the sentence and, in some cases, participate as a form of "mob justice".
In some circumstances the word flogging is used loosely to include any sort of corporal punishment, including birching and caning. However, in British legal terminology, a distinction was drawn (and still is, in one or two colonial territories [ citation needed ] ) between flogging (with a cat o' nine tails) and whipping (formerly with a whip ...
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