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  2. Desalination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination

    Freeze–thaw desalination (or freezing desalination) uses freezing to remove fresh water from salt water. Salt water is sprayed during freezing conditions into a pad where an ice-pile builds up. When seasonal conditions warm, naturally desalinated melt water is recovered. This technique relies on extended periods of natural sub-freezing ...

  3. Reverse osmosis plant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis_plant

    Reverse osmosis is a common process to purify or desalinate contaminated water by forcing water through a membrane. Water produced by reverse osmosis may be used for a variety of purposes, including desalination , wastewater treatment , concentration of contaminants, and the reclamation of dissolved minerals. [ 1 ]

  4. Multi-stage flash distillation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-stage_flash_distillation

    As it flows back through the stages the water is now called brine, to distinguish it from the inlet water. In each stage, as the brine enters, its temperature is above the boiling point at the pressure of the stage, and a small fraction of the brine water boils ("flashes") to steam thereby reducing the temperature until an equilibrium is reached.

  5. Nanotechnology for water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology_for_water...

    Many different types of nanomaterials or nanoparticles are used in water treatment processes. Nanotechnology is useful in regards to remediation, desalination, filtration, purification and water treatment. The main features that make nanoparticles effective for water treatment are More surface area; Small volume

  6. They used to call California ocean desalination a disaster ...

    www.aol.com/news/used-call-california-ocean...

    The median cost of producing desalinated water is "in the neighborhood of $2,000 an acre-foot," he said. ... Although interior parts of California are too distant from the coast to make use of ...

  7. Capacitive deionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitive_deionization

    A potential difference is applied between both channels of flowing carbon slurries, the so-called flow electrodes, and water is desalinated. Since the carbon slurries flow, the electrodes do not saturate and therefore this cell design can be used for the desalination of water with high salt concentrations as well (e.g. sea water, with salt ...

  8. Microbial desalination cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_desalination_cell

    A microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a biological electrochemical system that implements the use of electro-active bacteria to power desalination of water in situ, resourcing the natural anode and cathode gradient of the electro-active bacteria and thus creating an internal supercapacitor.

  9. How seawater can be used to generate valuable hydrogen energy

    www.aol.com/seawater-used-generate-valuable...

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