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2. Rebreather diving - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebreather_diving

   A diver with a constant workload during aerobic working conditions will use an approximately constant amount of oxygen as a fraction of the respiratory minute volume (RMV, or ). This ratio of minute ventilation and oxygen uptake is the extraction ratio K E {\displaystyle K_{E}} , and usually falls in the range of 17 to 25 with a normal value of ...

3. Underwater breathing apparatus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwater_breathing_apparatus

   Underwater breathing apparatus can be classified as open circuit, semi-closed circuit, (including gas extenders) or closed circuit (including reclaim systems), based on whether any of the exhaled gas is recycled, and as self-contained or remotely supplied (usually surface-supplied, but also possibly from a lock-out submersible or an underwater habitat), depending on where the source of the ...

4. Diving rebreather - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving_rebreather

   As a person breathes, the body consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. Base metabolism requires about 0.25 L/min of oxygen from a breathing rate of about 6 L/min, and a fit person working hard may ventilate at a rate of 95 L/min but will only metabolise about 4 L/min of oxygen [10] The oxygen metabolised is generally about 4% to 5% of the inspired volume at normal atmospheric pressure, or ...

5. Halcyon RB80 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halcyon_RB80

   The 8–10:1 counterlung volume ratio of the RB80 provides substantial gas extension, with a loop oxygen fraction lower than the feed gas composition. The decrease in oxygen fraction depends on the supply gas oxygen concentration and the operating depth. The difference is less at greater depth, but can be quite large at shallow depths. [1]

6. Self-contained breathing apparatus - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-contained_breathing...

   The endurance of the cylinder can be calculated from the volume, pressure and breathing rate of the user. The formula: volume (in liters) × pressure (in bars) / 40 (litres per minute) - 10 minutes (the 10 minutes is a safety margin, or reserve), so a 6-liter cylinder, of 300 bar, is 6 × 300 / 40 - 10 = 35 minutes working duration.

7. Vehicle snorkel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_snorkel

   In such cases, the snorkel supplies air for both the engine and the sealed crew compartment, allowing total submersion. [3] Often, the snorkel pipe is of large diameter and fits over the crew hatch, to provide an escape route for the crew in case the vehicle becomes stuck or disabled while underwater.