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Rhetoricians laid down guidelines on the use of the voice and gestures (actio) in the delivery of oratory. There were instructions on the proper modulation of the voice (volume and pitch), as well as the phrasing, pace, and emphasis of speech. Also covered were the physical aspects of oration: stance, gestures, posture, and facial expressions.
The defense attorney in the same case might use a different method for his summation. Finally, dispositio was also considered an iterative process, particularly in conjunction with inventio . The very process of organizing arguments might result in the need to discover and research new ones.
Recorded in English c. 1374, with a meaning of "one who pleads or argues for a cause", from Anglo-French oratour, Old French orateur (14th century), Latin orator ("speaker"), from orare ("speak before a court or assembly; plead"), derived from a Proto-Indo-European base *or-("to pronounce a ritual formula").
Public speaking, also called oratory, is the practice of delivering speeches to a live audience. [3] Throughout history, public speaking has held significant cultural, religious, and political importance, emphasizing the necessity of effective rhetorical skills.
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, an oratory is a place which is set aside by permission of an ordinary for divine worship, for the convenience of some community or group of the faithful who assemble there, but to which other members of the faithful may have access with the consent of the competent superior. [1]
It was at this point in Athens history where the forensic speech-writer made his first appearance. The speech-writer would prepare an address which the litigant/defendant memorized and delivered before the court. Forensic speech-writing and oratory soon became an essential part of general rhetoric. [11]
Funeral oration Julius Caesar gave in honor of his aunt Julia. Julius Caesar 68 BCE [48] Mark Antony's eulogy for Caesar: Mark Antony read Caesar's will and listed his accomplishments in an attempt to gain the populace's favor. Mark Antony: 44 BCE (March 19) [49] Philippicae: Collection of 14 speeches written by Cicero to denounce Mark Antony ...
The consolatio or consolatory oration is a type of ceremonial oratory, typically used rhetorically to comfort mourners at funerals. It was one of the most popular classical rhetoric topics, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and received new impetus under Renaissance humanism .