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A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost ... The L2 cache, and higher-level caches, may be ...
Cache hierarchy, or multi-level cache, is a memory architecture that uses a hierarchy of memory stores based on varying access speeds to cache data. Highly requested data is cached in high-speed access memory stores, allowing swifter access by central processing unit (CPU) cores.
Until 2001–05, CPU speed, as measured by clock frequency, grew annually by 55%, whereas memory speed only grew by 7%. [1] This problem is known as the memory wall. The motivation for a cache and its hierarchy is to bridge this speed gap and overcome the memory wall. The critical component in most high-performance computers is the cache.
The merit of inclusive policy is that, in parallel systems with per-processor private cache if there is a cache miss other peer caches are checked for the block. If the lower level cache is inclusive of the higher level cache and it is a miss in the lower level cache, then the higher level cache need not be searched.
For example, the memory hierarchy of an Intel Haswell Mobile [7] processor circa 2013 is: Processor registers – the fastest possible access (usually 1 CPU cycle). A few thousand bytes in size; Cache. Level 0 (L0) Micro operations cache – 6,144 bytes (6 KiB [citation needed] [original research]) [8] in size
Cache placement policies are policies that determine where a particular memory block can be placed when it goes into a CPU cache.A block of memory cannot necessarily be placed at an arbitrary location in the cache; it may be restricted to a particular cache line or a set of cache lines [1] by the cache's placement policy.
Diagram of a CPU memory cache operation. In computing, a cache (/ k æ ʃ / ⓘ KASH) [1] is a hardware or software component that stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster; the data stored in a cache might be the result of an earlier computation or a copy of data stored elsewhere.
If 1, then cache is inclusive of lower-level caches. 1 2 Complex cache indexing. If 1, then cache uses a complex function for cache indexing, else the cache is direct-mapped. (#4) 2 3 (reserved) 3 4 (reserved) 4 7:5 Cache Level (starting from 1) (reserved) 7:5 8 Self initializing cache level (1=doesn't need software initialization after reset ...