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In doing so, the goal setter has established a desired future state which differs from their current state thus creating a mismatch which in turn spurs future actions. [2] Goal setting can be guided by goal-setting criteria (or rules) such as SMART criteria. [3] Goal setting is a major component of personal-development and management literature.
Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by planning (MBP), was first popularized by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice of Management. [1] Management by objectives is the process of defining specific objectives within an organization that management can convey to organization members, then deciding how to achieve each objective in sequence.
In simple words, office management can be defined as “a distinct process of planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating and controlling office in order to facilitate achievement of objectives of any business enterprise’ the definition shows managerial functions of an administrative manager.
They set the strategic goals and policy of the organization and make decisions on how the overall organization will operate. Senior managers are generally executive-level professionals who provide direction to middle management. Middle management roles include branch managers, regional managers, department managers, and section managers. They ...
Administrative Behavior: a Study of Decision-Making Processes in Administrative Organization is a book written by Herbert A. Simon (1916–2001). It asserts that "decision-making is the heart of administration, and that the vocabulary of administrative theory must be derived from the logic and psychology of human choice", and it attempts to describe administrative organizations "in a way that ...
S.M.A.R.T. (or SMART) is an acronym used as a mnemonic device to establish criteria for effective goal-setting and objective development. This framework is commonly applied in various fields, including project management, employee performance management, and personal development.
The goal of public administrative theory is to accomplish politically approved objectives through methods shaped by the constituency. To ensure effective public administration, administrators have adopted a range of methods, roles, and theories from disciplines such as economics, sociology, and psychology.
To meet the goals, managers may develop plans such as a business plan or a marketing plan. Planning always has a purpose. Planning always has a purpose. The purpose may involve the achievement of certain goals or targets: efficient use of resources, reducing risk, expanding the organization and its assets, etc.