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Pancytopenia is a medical condition in which there is significant reduction in the number of almost all blood cells (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, monocytes, lymphocytes, etc.). If only two parameters from the complete blood count are low, the term bicytopenia can be used. The diagnostic approach is the same as for pancytopenia.
Pancytopenia – when all three types of blood cells; red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets, are all deficient. This is a life-threatening disorder that is a characteristic of aplastic anemia .
Lymphocytopenia is the condition of having an abnormally low level of lymphocytes in the blood. Lymphocytes are a white blood cell with important functions in the immune system. It is also called lymphopenia. [1] The opposite is lymphocytosis, which refers to an excessive level of lymphocytes.
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia is an example of a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome that primarily affects red blood cell production. In DBA, the erythroid cell lineage is more susceptible to cell death due to abnormal ribosome function. [4] This leads to a reduced population of red blood cell precursors and a resulting reticulocytopenia and anemia.
The decrease in hematopoietic tissue impairs the patient's ability to generate new blood cells, resulting in progressive pancytopenia, a shortage of all blood cell types. However, the proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen is a secondary phenomenon, and the fibroblasts themselves are not part of the abnormal cell clone.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only known cure for CAMT. [1] Once pancytopenia develops, the prognosis is poor. Studies have shown 30% of CAMT patients die from bleeding complications, and another 20% die from complications related to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [3]
Light microscopic image of bone marrow showing stromal macrophages containing numerous red blood cells in their cytoplasm. The blood count typically shows decreased numbers of blood cells—including a decreased number of circulating red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The bone marrow may show hemophagocytosis. The liver function ...
Neutropenia, a subtype of leukopenia, refers to a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, the most abundant white blood cells.The terms leukopenia and neutropenia may occasionally be used interchangeably, as the neutrophil count is the most important indicator of infection risk.