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The corpus callosum (Latin for "tough body"), also callosal commissure, is a wide, thick nerve tract, consisting of a flat bundle of commissural fibers, beneath the cerebral cortex in the brain. The corpus callosum is only found in placental mammals . [ 1 ]
The corpus callosum is the largest collective pathway of white matter tissue in the body that is made of more than 200 million nerve fibers. [14] The left and right hemispheres are associated with different functions and specialize in interpreting the same data in different ways, referred to as lateralization of the brain.
The indusium griseum, (supracallosal gyrus, gyrus epicallosus) consists of a thin membranous layer of grey matter in contact with the upper surface of the corpus callosum and continuous laterally with the grey matter of the cingulate cortex and inferiorly with the hippocampus. It is vestigial in humans and is a remnant of the former position of ...
The lateralization of brain function (or hemispheric dominance [1] [2] / lateralization [3] [4]) is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be specialized to one side of the brain or the other. The median longitudinal fissure separates the human brain into two distinct cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum.
The brain can thus be described as being divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres has an outer layer of grey matter, the cerebral cortex, that is supported by an inner layer of white matter. In eutherian (placental) mammals, the hemispheres are linked by the corpus callosum, a very large bundle of nerve fibers.
The subcallosal gyrus (paraterminal gyrus, peduncle of the corpus callosum) is a narrow lamina on the medial surface of the hemisphere in front of the lamina terminalis, behind the parolfactory area, and below the rostrum of the corpus callosum. It is continuous around the genu of the corpus callosum with the indusium griseum.
The corpus callosum connects the two halves of the brain below the fissure and conveys visual, auditory, and somatosensory messages between each half. The corpus callosum is responsible for eye movement and visual perception, maintaining a balance between arousal and attention, and the ability to identify locations of sensory stimulation.
The striae are categorized as medial longitudinal stria and lateral longitudinal stria; the area between the striae is a useful neurosurgical mark of the middle of the corpus callosum. After the indisium griseum curves along the rostrum of the corpus callosum the combined striae continue toward the amygdala as part of the diagonal band of Broca ...