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The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974
Infographic of water footprints around the world. A water footprint shows the extent of water use in relation to consumption by people. [1] The water footprint of an individual, community, or business is defined as the total volume of fresh water used to produce the goods and services consumed by the individual or community or produced by the business.
The 1977 United Nations 'Water Conference' at Mar del Plata set up an International Drinking Water Decade, 1981-1990. Its aim was to make access to clean drinking water available across the world. [1] The decade focussed on safe water and sanitation for everybody by 1990.
The United Nations World Water Development Report. The United Nations World Water Development Report (UN WWDR) is the UN-Water flagship report on water. It is a comprehensive review that gives an overall picture of the state, use and management of the world’s freshwater resources and aims to provide decision-makers with tools to formulate and ...
The first UN World Water Development Report, called “Water for People, Water for Life” was presented at the third World Water Forum in Japan in 2003. The report provides an assessment of the globe’s water crisis and assesses progress in 11 challenge areas (health, food, environment, shared water resources, cities, industry, energy, risk ...
“The global water crisis is a tragedy but is also an opportunity to transform the economics of water,” said Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, director general of the World Trade Organization and a co-chair ...
Most water in Earth's atmosphere and crust comes from saline seawater, while fresh water accounts for nearly 1% of the total. The vast bulk of the water on Earth is saline or salt water, with an average salinity of 35‰ (or 3.5%, roughly equivalent to 34 grams of salts in 1 kg of seawater), though this varies slightly according to the amount of runoff received from surrounding land.
Irrigation schemes in the world use about 3 500 km 3 water per year, of which 74% is evaporated by the crops. [7] This is some 80% of all water used by mankind (4 400 km 3 per year). The water used for irrigation is roughly 25% of the annually available water resources (14 000 km 3) and 9% of all annual river discharges in the hydrological cycle.