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Some PADI training standards have been found to be ambiguous of contradictory, For example, the PADI Advanced Open Water Diver course does not require direct instructor supervision of a student during "adventure dives", which may include a diver's first experience using a dry suit, while the standard for the PADI Dry Suit Diver course requires ...
The National Association of Underwater Instructors (NAUI Worldwide) is a nonprofit association of scuba instructors founded in 1960 by Albert Tillman and Neal Hess. [2] [3]NAUI primarily serves as a recreational dive certification and membership organization, providing international diver standards and education programs.
According to PADI, the Advanced Open Water Diver course is for divers who want to gain more underwater experience while diving with a PADI Professional, or have fun learning new things. In addition to logging more dives, the student can improve skills learned during their open water diver course, such as navigation and buoyancy.
SDI requires students to have access to a modern dive computer on all dives during training from the very start. [ 11 ] SDI is also unusual amongst recreational diver training organisations in that it recognises solo diving as part of recreational diving, and offers a special training course relating to it. [ 12 ]
SSI was founded by Robert Clark in 1970. [2] SSI headquarters was in Fort Collins, Colorado, and it is owned by Concept Systems International, Inc.In 2008, it was acquired by Doug McNeese, owner of the National Association of Scuba Diving Schools (USA) until its merger with SSI in 1999, and Robert Stoss, manager of Scubapro and Seemann Sub.
Rescue Diver is a scuba diving certification level provided by several diver training agencies, such as PADI, [1] SSI, [2] SDI, [3] and NAUI, [4] which emphasises emergency response and diver rescue. Scuba diving education levels as used by ISO, PADI, CMAS, SSI and NAUI
The Diving Certification model originated at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in 1952 after two divers died whilst using university-owned equipment. [3] The then President of the University of California, Robert Gordon Sproul, restricted diving to those who had been trained through the program at SIO and thus "certification" was born.
The legal duty of care of a divemaster to a client varies according to the legislation of the country, where it is often poorly defined. The use of waivers and/or assumption of risk forms that are intended to minimize legal accountability of divemasters is a common practice, but the validity of such waivers will vary with the legislation.