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[nb 2] Note that a 252-gallon tun of wine has a mass of approximately 2060 pounds, [4] between a short ton (2000 pounds) and a long ton (2240 pounds). The tun is approximately the volume of a cylinder with both diameter and height of 42 inches, as the gallon was originally a cylinder with diameter of 7 inches and height of 6.
In 1824, these units were replaced with a single system based on the imperial gallon. [a] Originally defined as the volume of 10 pounds (4.54 kg) of distilled water (under certain conditions), [b] then redefined by the Weights and Measures Act 1985 to be exactly 4.546 09 L (277.4 cu in), the imperial gallon is close in size to the old ale gallon.
A hogshead of brandy was approximately equal to 56–61 gallons (0.255–0.277 m 3). [ citation needed ] Eventually, a hogshead of wine came to be 63 US gallons (52.5 imp gal ; 238.5 L ), while a hogshead of beer or ale is 54 gallons (250 L if old beer/ale gallons, 245 L if imperial).
Typically a large vat or vessel, most often holding 252 wine gallons, but occasionally other sizes (e.g. 256, 240 and 208 gallons) were also used. [2] The modern tun is about 954 litres. The word tun is etymologically related to the word ton for the unit of mass, the mass of a tun of wine being approximately one long ton , which is 2 240 pounds ...
Representative figures for the amount of grapes needed for 100 L of wine are 160 kg for white wine, 130 kg for red wine, and 140 kg for a mixture of red and white wine. [1] Thus: [2] for white wine, 100 hl/ha ≈ 16,000 kg/ha (16 t/ha) = 6.5 tons per acre. 1 ton per acre = 2470 kg/ha ≈ 15 hl/ha
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Both the 42-US-gallon (159 L) barrels (based on the old English wine measure), the tierce (159 litres) and the 40-US-gallon (150 L) whiskey barrels were used. Also, 45-US-gallon (170 L) barrels were in common use. The 40 gallon whiskey barrel was the most common size used by early oil producers, since they were readily available at the time.
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