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Most horses have 18 thoracic vertebrae. The processes at the withers can be more than 30 centimetres (12 in) long. Since they do not move relative to the ground as the horse's head does, the withers are used as the measuring point for the height of a horse. Horses are sometimes measured in hands – one hand is 4 inches (10.2 cm). Horse heights ...
The horse's thorax is also deeper from the breastbone to the spine. This gives the horse a greater lung capacity, and thus greater endurance. [4] Conformation. A horse's chest is measured from the bottom end of the neck to the tops of the front legs. Ribs play an important role in the shape of the chest, whether they are narrow or wide.
The vertebral column usually contains 54 bones: 7 cervical vertebrae, including the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) which support and help move the skull, 18 (or rarely, 19) thoracic, [2] 5-6 lumbar, 5 sacral (which fuse together to form the sacrum), and 15-25 caudal [2] vertebrae with an average of 18. Differences in number may occur, particularly in ...
The mare has two ovaries, usually 7 to 8 cm (2.8 to 3.1 in) in length and 3 to 4 cm (1.2 to 1.6 in) thick, that generally tend to decrease in size as the mare ages. In equine ovaries, unlike in humans, the vascular tissue is cortical to follicular tissue, so ovulation can only occur at an ovulation fossa near the infundibulum.
The Auvergne horse is a compact horse with light features of postier type, [3] close to a cavalry horse and similar to the Comtois horse but thinner. It stands at 1.43 to 1.57 metres (4 ft 8 in to 5 ft 2 in) at the withers and weighs between 450 and 650 kilograms (990 and 1,430 lb) with an average of about 500 kilograms (1,100 lb). [1]
The table below describes the different scores used to assess a horse's body condition. The system is based on both visual and tactile assessment of the fat present on six points of the body, as shown in the illustration below. The areas where fat is deposited in horses, enabling body condition to be assessed by palpation: 1. Behind the ...
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Healthy body temperature for adult horses is in the range between 37.5 and 38.5 °C (99.5 and 101.3 °F), which they can maintain while ambient temperatures are between 5 and 25 °C (41 and 77 °F). However, strenuous exercise increases core body temperature by 1 °C (1.8 °F)/minute, as 80% of the energy used by equine muscles is released as heat.