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Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface. It replaces the warmer and usually nutrient-depleted surface water.
Another important factor to take into account, especially when considering ocean-wind interaction, is the role played by eddy-induced Ekman pumping. [7] Some other limitations of the explanation above are due to the idealised, quasi circular linear dynamical response to perturbations that neglects the vertical displacement that a particle can ...
The wind blowing parallel to a water surface deforms that surface as a result of shear action caused by the fast wind blowing over the stagnant water. The wind blowing over the surface applies a shear force on the surface. The wind stress is the component of this force that acts parallel to the surface per unit area.
A Wind generated current is a flow in a body of water that is generated by wind friction on its surface. Wind can generate surface currents on water bodies of any size. The depth and strength of the current depend on the wind strength and duration, and on friction and viscosity losses, [1] but are limited to about 400 m depth by the mechanism, and to lesser depths where the water is shallower. [2]
Kisigmánd Wind Farm [8] 50 2009 25 3 Ikervár Wind Farm (I., II.) 34 2011 17 (4+13) 4 Bőny Wind Farm 25 2009-2010 13 5 Levél Wind Farm 24 2006-2008 12 6 Sopronkövesd Wind Farm 23 2008 8 7 Mosonmagyaróvár Wind Farm (I.-VIII.) 21.2 2003-2008 12 8 Bábolna Wind Farm 15 2010 7 (6+1) 9 Jánossomorja Wind Farm 10 2010 Mosonszolnok Wind Farm (I ...
Upwelling fronts can bring nutrients to the surface and lead to phytoplankton growth. This phytoplankton growth can in turn support other marine organisms in the area. Some fronts create hotspots of marine biodiversity and biogeochemical processes when they inject macronutrients from an adjacent nutrient-rich water mass into a nutrient-limited ...
By 2030 wind should produce in average 26-35% of the EU's electricity and save Europe €56 billion a year in avoided fuel costs. [2] The national authors of Hungary forecast is 14.7% renewables in gross energy consumption by 2020, exceeding their 13% binding target by 1.7 percentage points.
Knowing the wind sampling average is important, as the value of a one-minute sustained wind is typically 14% greater than a ten-minute sustained wind. [16] A short burst of high speed wind is termed a wind gust ; one technical definition of a wind gust is: the maxima that exceed the lowest wind speed measured during a ten-minute time interval ...