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Cursive handwriting from the 19th-century US. In both the British Empire and the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries, before the typewriter, professionals ...
It appeared in France at the end of the 16th century, growing out from a late local variant of Gothic cursive influenced by North Italian Renaissance types in Rotunda, a bookish round Gothic style, as well as Civilité, also a late French variant of Gothic cursive. It was popularized by writing masters such as Louis Barbedor in the 17th century.
Later in the 17th and 18th centuries, English writing masters including George Bickham, George Shelley and Charles Snell helped to propagate Round Hand's popularity, so that by the mid-18th century the Round Hand style had spread across Europe and crossed the Atlantic to North America.
Kurrent (German: [kʊˈʁɛnt]) is an old form of German-language handwriting based on late medieval cursive writing, also known as Kurrentschrift ("cursive script"), deutsche Schrift ("German script"), and German cursive. Over the history of its use into the first part of the 20th century, many individual letters acquired variant forms.
The Italian scribe Ludovico Vicentino degli Arrighi's 1522 influential pamphlet on handwriting called La Operina was the first book on writing the italic script known as cursive chancery hand. [6] He was a scribe in the Papal Curia , which had refined cursive chancery hand in its infancy during the latter half of the 15th century. [ 4 ]
By the eighteenth century, schools were established to teach penmanship techniques from master penmen, especially in England and the United States. [16] Penmanship became part of the curriculum in American schools by the early 1900s, rather than just reserved for specialty schools teaching adults penmanship as a professional skill.
Court hand: alphabet (upper-cases and lower-cases) and some syllable abbreviations. Court hand (also common law hand, Anglicana, cursiva antiquior, and charter hand [1]) was a style of handwriting used in medieval English law courts, and later by professionals such as lawyers and clerks.
D'Nealian, a style of writing and teaching cursive and manuscript adapted from the Palmer Method; Engraving; Palmer Method, a form of penmanship instruction developed in the late 19th century that replaced Spencerian script as the most popular handwriting system in the United States