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When expressed in percent, it is known as the mole percent or molar percentage (unit symbol %, sometimes "mol%", equivalent to cmol/mol for 10 −2). The mole fraction is called amount fraction by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) [ 1 ] and amount-of-substance fraction by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and ...
Instead of repeatedly removing the middle third of every piece as in the Cantor set, we could also keep removing any other fixed percentage (other than 0% and 100%) from the middle. In the case where the middle 8 / 10 of the interval is removed, we get a remarkably accessible case — the set consists of all numbers in [0,1] that can be ...
In US and many international publications, BAC levels are written as a percentage such as 0.08%, i.e. there is 0.8 grams of alcohol per liter of blood. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In different countries, the maximum permitted BAC when driving ranges from the limit of detection ( zero tolerance ) to 0.08% (0.8 g/L ).
The simplest case of a normal distribution is known as the standard normal distribution or unit normal distribution. This is a special case when μ = 0 {\textstyle \mu =0} and σ 2 = 1 {\textstyle \sigma ^{2}=1} , and it is described by this probability density function (or density): φ ( z ) = e − z 2 2 2 π . {\displaystyle \varphi (z ...
The simplest chi-squared distribution is the square of a standard normal distribution. So wherever a normal distribution could be used for a hypothesis test, a chi-squared distribution could be used. Suppose that Z {\displaystyle Z} is a random variable sampled from the standard normal distribution, where the mean is 0 {\displaystyle 0} and the ...
The simplest conception of a particle, and the easiest to model mathematically, was a hard sphere; this is what van der Waals used. In that case, two particles of diameter σ {\displaystyle \sigma } would come into contact when their centers were a distance σ {\displaystyle \sigma } apart; hence the center of the one was excluded from a ...
The normalized greenhouse effect is the fraction of the amount of thermal radiation emitted by the surface that does not reach space. Based on the IPCC numbers, g̃ = 0.40. In other words, 40 percent less thermal radiation reaches space than what leaves the surface. [22]: 968 [23] [26]
Apple's iOS is a long way behind with a market share of just 12.9 percent. The rest may as well not even exist [..] These figures, which cover the second quarter of 2016, show that Android has actually increased its market share by 4 percent over the last year. All other operating systems are down, with iOS losing 1.7 percent [..]