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  2. Electrophilic halogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_halogenation

    Halogenation of benzene where X is the halogen, catalyst represents the catalyst (if needed) and HX represents the protonated base. A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol , will react without a catalyst , but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst .

  3. Phenolic content in wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_content_in_wine

    The content of phenols in rosé wine (82 mg/100 ml) is intermediate between that in red and white wines. In winemaking, the process of maceration or "skin contact" is used to increase the concentration of phenols in wine. Phenolic acids are found in the pulp or juice of the wine and can be commonly found in white wines which usually do not go ...

  4. Electrophilic aromatic substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic...

    The overall reaction mechanism, denoted by the Hughes–Ingold mechanistic symbol S E Ar, [3] begins with the aromatic ring attacking the electrophile E + (2a). This step leads to the formation of a positively charged and delocalized cyclohexadienyl cation, also known as an arenium ion, Wheland intermediate, or arene σ-complex (2b).

  5. Halogenation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogenation

    In chemistry, halogenation is a chemical reaction which introduces one or more halogens into a chemical compound. Halide-containing compounds are pervasive, making this type of transformation important, e.g. in the production of polymers, drugs. [1] This kind of conversion is in fact so common that a comprehensive overview is challenging.

  6. Wine chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_chemistry

    Wine is a complex mixture of chemical compounds in a hydro-alcoholic solution with a pH around 4. The chemistry of wine and its resultant quality depend on achieving a balance between three aspects of the berries used to make the wine: their sugar content, acidity and the presence of secondary compounds.

  7. How To Avoid Water Spots On Wine Glasses, According To ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/avoid-water-spots-wine...

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  8. Phenols in wine - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Phenols_in_wine&redirect=no

    This page was last edited on 4 September 2011, at 12:20 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License; additional terms may apply.

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