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The offset is added to the pressure reading to arrive at the peak pressure reading. Other benefits of the SAAMI conformal transducer are: very adaptive to the high volume quality control testing demands of commercial and law enforcement ammunition production; protection of the transducer from direct exposure to the high temperature combustion ...
Standard +P pressure limits are established by SAAMI for certain cartridges; in general the +P pressure is approximately 10% higher than the standard pressure (see chart below). SAAMI does not have a +P+ pressure standard, but this indicates a pressure that is not SAAMI standard and may be higher than the +P loading.
Chamber Pressure Measurement by Terry Hart; Chart of SAAMI pressure levels for common cartridges, in PSI or CUP. A study Archived 2007-08-20 at the Wayback Machine done that shows a statistically significant correlation between CUP and PSI for rifle cartridges. Speer Reloading Manual Number 11, Omark Industries, 1987 [ISBN unspecified]
This means that .223 Remington chambered arms in CIP-regulated countries are as of 2016 proof tested at 537.50 MPa (77,958 psi) PE piezo pressure. This is equal to the NATO maximum service pressure guideline for the 5.56×45mm NATO cartridge. The SAAMI pressure limit for the .223 Remington is set at 379.212 MPa (55,000 psi), piezo pressure.
According to the C.I.P. rulings the .357 SIG case can handle up to 305 MPa (44,236 psi) piezo pressure. In C.I.P. regulated countries every pistol cartridge combo has to be proofed at 130% of this maximum C.I.P. pressure to certify for sale to consumers. The SAAMI pressure limit for the .357 SIG is set at 275.80 MPa (40,000 psi), piezo pressure ...
Within firearms, chamber pressure is the pressure exerted by a cartridge case's outside walls on the inside of a firearm's chamber when the cartridge is fired. The SI unit for chamber pressure is the megapascal (MPa), while the American SAAMI uses the pound per square inch (psi, symbol lbf/in 2) and the European CIP uses bar (1 bar is equal to 0.1 MPa).
SAAMI specifies a maximum chamber pressure of 36,000 pounds per square inch (250 MPa) for the .50 AE. Available factory loads can produce nearly 1,800 ft⋅lbf (2,400 J) of muzzle energy. Available factory loads can produce nearly 1,800 ft⋅lbf (2,400 J) of muzzle energy.
Maximum chamber pressure is given at 62,366 psi (430.00 MPa). There are no discrepancies between SAAMI and C.I.P. values. However, C.I.P. measures angle α (shoulder angle) as 29°55'43". SAAMI measure the shoulder angle as α/2 which is given by SAAMI to be 15°.