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  2. Sodium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel

    Sodium channels are highly selective for the transport of ions across cell membranes. The high selectivity with respect to the sodium ion is achieved in many different ways. All involve encapsulation of the sodium ion in a cavity of specific size within a larger molecule. [3]

  3. Ball and chain inactivation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_and_chain_inactivation

    The interplay between opening and inactivation controls the firing pattern of a neuron by changing the rate and amount of ion flow through the channels. Voltage-gated ion channels open upon depolarization of the cell membrane. This creates a current caused by the flow of ions through the channel. Shortly after opening, the channel is blocked by ...

  4. Ion channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion_channel

    In many ion channels, passage through the pore is governed by a "gate", which may be opened or closed in response to chemical or electrical signals, temperature, or mechanical force. [citation needed] Ion channels are integral membrane proteins, typically formed as assemblies of several

  5. Gating (electrophysiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gating_(electrophysiology)

    A variety of cellular changes can trigger gating, depending on the ion channel, including changes in voltage across the cell membrane (voltage-gated ion channels), chemicals interacting with the ion channel (ligand-gated ion channels), changes in temperature, [4] stretching or deformation of the cell membrane, addition of a phosphate group to ...

  6. Voltage-gated sodium channel - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_sodium_channel

    Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), also known as voltage-dependent sodium channels (VDSCs), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells (e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the sodium ion Na +. They are the main channels involved in action potential of excitable cells.

  7. Current–voltage characteristic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current–voltage...

    It is linear, indicating no voltage-dependent gating of the potassium ion channel. The yellow line shows the I–V relationship for the sodium ion. It is not linear, indicating that the sodium ion channel is voltage-dependent. The green line indicates the I–V relationship derived from summing the sodium and potassium currents.

  8. Refractory period (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory_period_(physiology)

    The period when the majority of sodium channels remain in the inactive state is the absolute refractory period. After this period, there are enough voltage-activated sodium channels in the closed (active) state to respond to depolarization. However, voltage-gated potassium channels that opened in response to repolarization do not close as ...

  9. Resting potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resting_potential

    The Na + /K +-ATPase, as well as effects of diffusion of the involved ions, are major mechanisms to maintain the resting potential across the membranes of animal cells.. The relatively static membrane potential of quiescent cells is called the resting membrane potential (or resting voltage), as opposed to the specific dynamic electrochemical phenomena called action potential and graded ...