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  2. Secondary metabolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite

    Secondary metabolites often play an important role in plant defense against herbivory and other interspecies defenses. Humans use secondary metabolites as medicines, flavourings, pigments, and recreational drugs. [2] The term secondary metabolite was first coined by Albrecht Kossel, the 1910 Nobel Prize laureate for medicine and physiology.

  3. Secondary metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolism

    Secondary metabolites are produced by many microbes, plants, fungi and animals, usually living in crowded habitats, where chemical defense represents a better option than physical escape. [2] It is very hard to distinguish primary and secondary metabolites due to often overlapping of the intermediates and pathways of primary and secondary ...

  4. Bone remodeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_remodeling

    Bone tissue is removed by osteoclasts, and then new bone tissue is formed by osteoblasts. Both processes utilize cytokine (TGF-β, IGF) signalling.In osteology, bone remodeling or bone metabolism is a lifelong process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton (a process called bone resorption) and new bone tissue is formed (a process called ossification or new bone formation).

  5. Nonribosomal peptide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonribosomal_peptide

    Due to these structural and mechanistic similarities, some nonribosomal peptide synthetases contain polyketide synthase modules for the insertion of acetate or propionate-derived subunits into the peptide chain. [6] Note that as many as 10% percent of bacterial NRPS are not laid out as large modular proteins, but as separate enzymes. [6]

  6. Polyketide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketide

    First studied in the early 20th century, discovery, biosynthesis, and application of polyketides has evolved. It is a large and diverse group of secondary metabolites caused by its complex biosynthesis which resembles that of fatty acid synthesis. Because of this diversity, polyketides can have various medicinal, agricultural, and industrial ...

  7. Polyketide synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketide_synthase

    Polyketide synthases (PKSs) are a family of multi-domain enzymes or enzyme complexes that produce polyketides, a large class of secondary metabolites, in bacteria, fungi, plants, and a few animal lineages. The biosyntheses of polyketides share striking similarities with fatty acid biosynthesis. [1] [2]

  8. What Is Low Testosterone & What Causes It? - AOL

    www.aol.com/low-testosterone-causes-125700734.html

    Secondary hypogonadism, on the other hand, occurs because of inadequate hypothalamic or pituitary signaling to the testicles. It is identified by lab tests that show low testosterone accompanied ...

  9. Metabolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolite

    In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. [1] The term is usually used for small molecules.Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defense, and interactions with other organisms (e.g. pigments, odorants, and ...