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Gaff rig [1] is a sailing rig (configuration of sails, mast and stays) in which the sail is four-cornered, fore-and-aft rigged, controlled at its peak and, usually, its entire head by a spar (pole) called the gaff. Because of the size and shape of the sail, a gaff rig will have running backstays rather than permanent backstays.
Fore-and-aft rigged sails include staysails, Bermuda rigged sails, gaff rigged sails, gaff sails, gunter rig, lateen sails, lug sails, tanja sails, the spanker sail on a square rig and crab claw sails. Fore-and-aft rigs include: Rigs with one mast: the proa, the catboat, the sloop, the cutter; Rigs with two masts: the ketch, the yawl
Materials have evolved from the use of Manilla rope to synthetic fibers, which include dacron, nylon and kevlar. [8] Running rigging varies between fore-and-aft rigged vessels and square-rigged vessels. They have common functions between them for supporting, shaping and orienting sails, which employ different mechanisms.
Throat – On a quadrilateral sail, the throat is the upper forward corner of the sail, at the bottom end of a gaff or other spar. [18] Gaff-rigged sails, and certain similar rigs, employ two halyards to raise the sails: the throat halyard raises the forward, throat end of the gaff, while the peak halyard raises the aft, peak end. [19]
The tensioned portion of the rope would fasten the ship to the quay, hoist a foresail, lift a spar into position on the mast or be used to transfer cargo to or from a dock or lighter. A capstan is a vertical- axled rotating machine developed for use on sailing ships to multiply the pulling force of sailors when hauling ropes, cables , and hawsers .
Early sailing vessels used rope of hemp or other fibers, [2] which gave way to wire ropes of various types. Galvanized steel was common for the first half of the 20th century, continuing as an inexpensive option to its 1960s successor material—stainless steel cables and rods.
Also anchor rode. The anchor line, rope, or cable connecting the anchor chain to the vessel. rogue wave Any unusually large wave for a given sea state; formally, a wave whose height is more than twice the significant wave height of that sea state (i.e. the mean of the largest third of waves in a wave record). roll 1.
Adjustable fairlead (lower right) leading to winch on sailboat Fairlead (Chock style) Three mooring lines running through fairlead on a Royal New Zealand Navy ship.. A fairlead is a turning point for running rigging like rope, chain, wire or line, that guides that line such that the "lead" is "fair", and therefore low friction and low chafe. [1]
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