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Prevalence of vitamin A deficiency, 1995-2005. Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) or hypovitaminosis A is a lack of vitamin A in blood and tissues. [1] It is common in poorer countries, especially among children and women of reproductive age, but is rarely seen in more developed countries. [1]
For example, in the United States of America, one out of every six children is at risk of hunger. [ citation needed ] A study, based on 2005–2007 data from the U.S. Census Bureau and the Agriculture Department , shows that an estimated 3.5 million children under the age of five are at risk of hunger in the United States .
The causes are vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy, followed by low transfer of vitamin A during lactation and infant/child diets low in vitamin A or beta-carotene. [4] [5] The prevalence of pre-school age children who are blind due to vitamin A deficiency is lower than expected from incidence of new cases only because childhood vitamin A ...
Its partnership with the GOB began in 1982. The Bangladesh Nutritional Blindness Study was conducted, and it indicated that there was a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. By 2005, vitamin A deficiency among children 12 to 59 months, as measured by prevalence of night blindness, has decreased to 0.04% from 3.76% in 1982. [11]
Common micronutrient deficiencies are iron, zinc, iodine, and vitamin A. Micronutrient deficiencies can cause an increase of illness due to a compromised immune systems or abnormal physiology and development. [9] Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) is another form of malnutrition that affects children.
Clinical vitamin A deficiency is particularly common among pregnant women, with prevalence rates as high as 9.8% in South-East Asia. [ 121 ] Estimates say that 28.5% of the global population is iodine deficient, representing 1.88 billion individuals. [ 125 ]
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Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.