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FOB (free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or inland waterway ...
Under FOB terms the seller bears all costs and risks up to the point the goods are loaded on board the vessel. The seller's responsibility does not end at that point unless the goods are "appropriated to the contract" that is, they are "clearly set aside or otherwise identified as the contract goods". [ 21 ]
For example, $225K would be understood to mean $225,000, and $3.6K would be understood to mean $3,600. Multiple K's are not commonly used to represent larger numbers. In other words, it would look odd to use $1.2KK to represent $1,200,000. Ke – Is used as an abbreviation for Cost of Equity (COE).
If it is a destination contract (FOB (buyer's city)), then risk of loss is on the seller. If it is a delivery contract (standard, or FOB (seller's city)), then the risk of loss is on the buyer. In cases not covered by the foregoing rules, if the seller is a merchant, then the risk of loss shifts to the buyer upon buyer's "receipt" of the goods.
The CISG describes when the risk passes from the seller to the buyer [49] but it has been observed that in practice most contracts define the seller's delivery obligations quite precisely by adopting an established shipment term, [42] such as FOB and CIF. [50] Remedies of the buyer and seller depend upon the character of a breach of the contract.
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To add to the confusion, UCC removed FOB and FAS 2-319 from its text in 2004 due to the conflict between the shipping and title transfer. UCC's definition used to cover the cost of the shipping (Free On Board - Seller pays freight to the ship's rail) AND transfer of title and liability (Seller transfers title and risk at the ship's rail).