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When epinephrine is mixed with local anesthetics, such as bupivacaine or lidocaine, and used for local anesthesia or intrathecal injection, it prolongs the numbing effect and motor block effect of the anesthetic by up to an hour. [45] Epinephrine is frequently combined with local anesthetic and can cause panic attacks. [46]
Local anesthesia, in a strict sense, is anesthesia of a small part of the body such as a tooth or an area of skin. Regional anesthesia is aimed at anesthetizing a larger part of the body such as a leg or arm. Conduction anesthesia encompasses a great variety of local and regional anesthetic techniques.
Drug Other common names Image First synthesis Dates of clinical use Chemical/structural class Duration of effect amylocaine: Stovaine 1904 (Ernest Fourneau) ester- benzoic ambucaine [1] diester - aminosalicylic articaine: Astracaine, Septanest, Septocaine, Ultracaine, Zorcaine Amide benzocaine: Anbesol, Orajel Ester - Aminobenzoic Short benzonatate
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Furthermore, recreational drug users who use injections to administer the drugs commonly share or reuse needles after an injection. This has led to the development of needle exchange programs and safe injection sites as a public health measure, which may provide new, sterile syringes and needles to discourage the reuse of syringes and needles.
Etidocaine, marketed under the trade name Duranest, is an amide-type local anesthetic given by injection during surgical procedures and labor and delivery.Etidocaine has a long duration of activity, and the main disadvantage of using during dentistry is increased bleeding during surgery.
Similar to other local anesthetics, benzonatate is a potent voltage-gated sodium channel blocker. [22] After absorption and circulation to the respiratory tract, benzonatate acts as a local anesthetic, decreasing the sensitivity of vagal afferent fibers and stretch receptors in the bronchi, alveoli, and pleura in the lower airway and lung.
Obstetric anesthesia or obstetric anesthesiology, also known as ob-gyn anesthesia or ob-gyn anesthesiology, is a sub-specialty of anesthesiology that provides peripartum (time directly preceding, during or following childbirth) [1] pain relief for labor and anesthesia (suppress consciousness) for cesarean deliveries ('C-sections').