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Bacterial taxonomy is the classification of strains within the domain Bacteria into hierarchies of similarity. This classification is similar to that of plants , mammals , and other taxonomies. However, biologists specializing in different areas have developed differing taxonomic conventions over time.
The Wistar rat, which was the first developed rat model strain. A laboratory mouse or rat strain is a group of animals that is genetically uniform. Strains are used in laboratory experiments. Mouse strains can be inbred, mutated, or genetically modified, while rat strains are usually inbred. A given inbred rodent population is considered ...
Since 2001, when a new bacterial or archaeal species is described, a type strain must be designated. [11] The type strain is a living culture to which the scientific name of that organism is formally attached.
Mutation rates vary widely among different species of bacteria and even among different clones of a single species of bacteria. [134] Genetic changes in bacterial genomes emerge from either random mutation during replication or "stress-directed mutation", where genes involved in a particular growth-limiting process have an increased mutation rate.
The basic ranks are species and genus. When an organism is given a species name it is assigned to a genus, and the genus name is part of the species name. The species name is also called a binomial, that is, a two-term name. For example, the zoological name for the human species is Homo sapiens. This is usually italicized in print or underlined ...
A serotype or serovar is a distinct variation within a species of bacteria or virus or among immune cells of different individuals. These microorganisms, viruses, or cells are classified together based on their shared reactivity between their surface antigens and a particular antiserum, allowing the classification of organisms to a level below ...
Bacterial black spot of mango caused by Xanthomonas citri pv.mangiferaeindicae. A pathovar is a bacterial strain or set of strains with the same or similar characteristics, that is differentiated at infrasubspecific level from other strains of the same species or subspecies on the basis of distinctive pathogenicity to one or more plant hosts.
It has been used as a higher rank than strain, with several strains making up one race. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Races may be genetically distinct populations of individuals within the same species , [ 4 ] or they may be defined in other ways, e.g. geographically, or physiologically. [ 5 ]