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  2. Nuclear DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_DNA

    Nuclear DNA is a nucleic acid, a polymeric biomolecule or biopolymer, found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.Its structure is a double helix, with two strands wound around each other, a structure first described by Francis Crick and James D. Watson (1953) using data collected by Rosalind Franklin.

  3. Nucleic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid

    Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid containing the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. The chemical DNA was discovered in 1869, but its role in genetic inheritance was not demonstrated until 1943. The DNA segments that carry this genetic information are called genes.

  4. Nuclear gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_gene

    With the nuclear genome's 3.3 billion DNA base pairs in humans, one good example of a nuclear gene is MDH1 or the malate dehydrogenase 1 gene. In various metabolic pathways, including the citric acid cycle, MDH1 is a protein-coding gene that encodes an enzyme that catalyzes the NAD/ NADH -dependent, reversible oxidation of malate to oxaloacetate.

  5. Genome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome

    Before this loss, DNA methylation allows the adequate expansion of the genome. [37] In humans, the nuclear genome comprises approximately 3.1 billion nucleotides of DNA, divided into 24 linear molecules, the shortest 45 000 000 nucleotides in length and the longest 248 000 000 nucleotides, each contained in a different chromosome. [52]

  6. Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (M–Z) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cellular_and...

    nuclear cage nuclear DNA Any DNA molecule contained within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, most prominently the DNA in chromosomes. It is sometimes used interchangeably with genomic DNA. nuclear envelope A sub-cellular barrier consisting of two concentric lipid bilayer membranes that surrounds the nucleus in eukaryotic cells.

  7. DNA - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA

    The mtDNA is usually relatively small in comparison to the nuclear DNA. For example, the human mitochondrial DNA forms closed circular molecules, each of which contains 16,569 [33] [34] DNA base pairs, [35] with each such molecule normally containing a full set of the

  8. Nuclear organization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Organization

    Examples of different levels of nuclear architecture. Nuclear organization refers to the spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin within a cell nucleus during interphase. There are many different levels and scales of nuclear organisation. At the smallest scale, DNA is packaged into units called nucleosomes, which

  9. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    In DNA double helix, the two strands of DNA are held together by hydrogen bonds. The nucleotides on one strand base pairs with the nucleotide on the other strand. The secondary structure is responsible for the shape that the nucleic acid assumes. The bases in the DNA are classified as purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine and guanine ...