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In that period, due to the value of iron, horseshoes were even accepted in lieu of coin to pay taxes. [4] By the 13th century, shoes were forged in large quantities and could be bought ready made. [4] Hot shoeing, the process of shaping a heated horseshoe immediately before placing it on the horse, became common in the 16th century. [13]
1974: The lithium-ion battery is invented by M. Stanley Whittingham, and further developed in the 1980s and 1990s by John B. Goodenough, Rachid Yazami and Akira Yoshino. It has impacted modern consumer electronics and electric vehicles. [509] 1974: The Rubik's cube is invented by Ernő Rubik which went on to be the best selling puzzle ever. [510]
Paul Davis Ryan was born on January 29, 1970, in Janesville, Wisconsin, the youngest of four children of Elizabeth "Betty" Ann (née Hutter), [3] who later became an interior designer, and Paul Murray Ryan, a lawyer. [4] [5] He is a fifth-generation Wisconsinite. His father was of Irish ancestry and his mother of German and English descent. [6]
The earliest known shoes are sagebrush bark sandals dating from approximately 7000 or 8000 BC, found in the Fort Rock Cave in the US state of Oregon in 1938. [5] The world's oldest leather shoe, made from a single piece of cowhide laced with a leather cord along seams at the front and back, was found in the Areni-1 cave complex in Armenia in 2008 and is believed to date to 3500 BC.
Henry Burden (April 22, 1791 – January 19, 1871) was an engineer and businessman who built an industrial complex in Troy, New York called the Burden Iron Works.Burden's horseshoe machine, invented in 1835, was capable of making 60 horseshoes a minute.
9th century – The sine quadrant, was invented by Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi in the 9th century at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad. [3]: 128 The other types were the universal quadrant, the horary quadrant and the astrolabe quadrant. 10th century – sea-going junk ships built in China. Late 10th century – Kamal invented in Arab world.
The nailed iron horseshoe first clearly appeared in the archaeological record in Europe in about the 5th century AD when a horseshoe, complete with nails, was found in the tomb of the Frankish King Childeric I at Tournai, Belgium. [9] In Gallo-Roman countries, the hipposandal appears to have briefly co-existed with the nailed horseshoe. [1] [7]
Paul Ryan (singer, born 1948) (1948–1992), English songwriter and record producer, part of singing duo "Paul & Barry Ryan" Paul Ryan (singer, born 1952) (1952–2022), British film reviewer, historian and jazz singer; Paul Ryan (musician and agent) (born 1970), English rock guitarist for Cradle of Filth and The Blood Divine