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Cytokinesis illustration Ciliate undergoing cytokinesis, with the cleavage furrow being clearly visible. Cytokinesis (/ ˌ s aɪ t oʊ k ɪ ˈ n iː s ɪ s /) is the part of the cell division process and part of mitosis during which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two daughter cells.
Interferon-alpha, an interferon type I, was identified in 1957 as a protein that interfered with viral replication. [5] The activity of interferon-gamma (the sole member of the interferon type II class) was described in 1965; this was the first identified lymphocyte-derived mediator. [6]
The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four distinct phases: G 1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G 2 phase (collectively known as interphase) and M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). M phase is itself composed of two tightly coupled processes: mitosis, in which the cell's nucleus divides, and cytokinesis, in which the cell's cytoplasm and cell membrane divides forming two daughter cells.
In animals the cytokinesis ends with formation of a contractile ring and thereafter a cleavage. But in plants it happen differently. At first a cell plate is formed and then a cell wall develops between the two daughter cells. [36] In Fission yeast the cytokinesis happens in G1 phase. [37]
In cell biology, the cleavage furrow is the indentation of the cell's surface that begins the progression of cleavage, by which animal and some algal cells undergo cytokinesis, the final splitting of the membrane, in the process of cell division.
Cytokinins (CK) are a class of plant hormones that promote cell division, or cytokinesis, in plant roots and shoots. They are involved primarily in cell growth and differentiation , but also affect apical dominance , axillary bud growth, and leaf senescence .
APC activation then triggers sister-chromatid separation at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. APC activity also causes the destruction of S and M cyclins and thus the inactivation of Cdks, which promotes the completion of mitosis and cytokinesis.
In molecular biology, an actomyosin ring or contractile ring, is a prominent structure during cytokinesis. [1] It forms perpendicular to the axis of the spindle apparatus [ 2 ] towards the end of telophase , in which sister chromatids are identically separated at the opposite sides of the spindle forming nuclei (Figure 1).