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[a] Many countries have embodied the immunities in domestic law. [b] States regularly assert that every official acting in an official capacity is immune from prosecution by foreign authorities (for non-international crimes) under the doctrine of ratione materiae.
In the United States, qualified immunity is a judicial doctrine that protects government actors from personal liability for violating statutory laws or constitutional rights while acting in their official capacity unless the violated law or right is "clearly established of which a reasonable person would have known". [1]
aimed at a publishing practice that, while technically justified under the present law, has been the object of considerable criticism. In cases where a Government work is published or republished commercially, it has frequently been the practice to add some "new matter" in the form of an introduction, editing, illustrations, etc., and to ...
Although the U.S. president is frequently sued in his governmental capacity, he normally is not sued in his personal capacity as being personally liable. [11] In 1982, the Supreme Court held in Nixon v. Fitzgerald that the president enjoys absolute immunity from civil litigation for official acts undertaken while in office. [11]
According to the US Department of Justice, the term "foreign official" is defined as: . any officer or employee of a foreign government or any department, agency, or instrumentality thereof, or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any such government or department, agency, or instrumentality, or for or on behalf of any such ...
In law, individual capacity is a term of art referring to one's status as a natural person, distinct from any other role. [ 1 ] For example, an officer , employee or agent of a corporation , acting "in their individual capacity" is acting as an individual, rather than as an agent of the corporation.
Legal capacity is a quality denoting either the legal aptitude of a person to have rights and liabilities (in this sense also called transaction capacity), or altogether the personhood itself in regard to an entity other than a natural person (in this sense also called legal personality).
A recorded song would typically have 3 copyrights. The ‘musical work’ is the musical melody, harmony and rhythm, and the ‘literary work’ is the accompanying lyrics. The composer of the musical work is deemed to be the ‘author’ of the musical work and the person penning the lyrics in deemed to be the ‘author’ of the literary work.