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The mechanism of contrast-induced nephropathy is not entirely understood, but is thought to include a combination of direct renal tubule damage from the contrast agent and reductions in blood flow to areas of the kidney. [19] The contrast agent directly damages renal tubule cells by a variety of mechanisms, one proposed mechanism is by causing ...
In 2006, the link between NSF and gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents was made. [ 4 ] [ 23 ] [ 24 ] As a result, restrictions on use of GBCAs in patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (a measure of kidney function ) under 60 and especially under 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 have been recommended and NSF is now considered rare.
During the last 150 years, thousands of papers focusing on the effects or side effects of magnetic or radiofrequency fields have been published. They can be categorized as incidental and physiological. [2] Contraindications to MRI include most cochlear implants and cardiac pacemakers, shrapnel and metallic foreign bodies in the eyes.
Relatively common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, and skin redness. [4] Other side effects include itchiness, kidney problems, low blood pressure, and allergic reactions. [1] It is not recommended in people who have an iodine allergy. [1] Diatrizoate is an iodinated ionic radiocontrast agent with high osmolality. [2]
Radioisotope renography is a form of medical imaging of the kidneys that uses radiolabelling.A renogram, which may also be known as a MAG3 scan, allows a nuclear medicine physician or a radiologist to visualize the kidneys and learn more about how they are functioning. [1]
However, it exposes the patient to radiation and the dangers that a contrast dye used to aid the scanning may itself harm the kidneys. MRI is safer than CT, but many patients (particularly those with the learning difficulties or behavioural problems found in tuberous sclerosis) require sedation or general anaesthesia, and the scan cannot be ...
Those with severe kidney failure requiring dialysis require less strict precautions, as their kidneys have so little function remaining that any further damage would not be noticeable and the dialysis will remove the contrast agent; it is normally recommended, however, to arrange dialysis as soon as possible following contrast administration to ...
The kidney is surrounded by a capsule separating the kidney from the echogenic perirenal fat, which is seen as a thin linear structure. [1] The kidney is divided into parenchyma and renal sinus. The renal sinus is hyperechoic and is composed of calyces, the renal pelvis, fat and the major intrarenal vessels.