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The orchidometer can be used to accurately determine size of testes. Discrepancy of testicular size with other parameters of maturation can be an important clue to various diseases. Small testes can indicate either primary or secondary hypogonadism. Testicular size can help distinguish between different types of precocious puberty.
Due to natural variation, individuals pass through the Tanner stages at different rates, depending in particular on the timing of puberty.Among researchers who study puberty, the Tanner scale is commonly considered the "gold standard" for assessing pubertal status when it is conducted by a trained medical examiner. [5]
One difference between the glans penis and the glans clitoridis is that the glans clitoridis packs nerve endings into a volume only about one-tenth the size of the glans penis. Therefore, the glans clitoridis has greater variability in cutaneous corpuscular receptor density (1-14 per 100× high-powered field) compared with the glans penis (1-3 ...
Male gonad (testes, left) and female gonad (ovaries, right) Males have two testicles of similar size contained within the scrotum, which is an extension of the abdominal wall. [1] Scrotal asymmetry, in which one testicle extends farther down into the scrotum than the other, is common. This is because of the differences in the vasculature's ...
In males, gonadarche is determined with testicular volume greater than 3 mL, genital stage greater than or equal to 2, or pubarche, which is defined as pubic hair stage greater than or equal to 2. If testicular volumes of the 2 testes are not equal, the larger testis measurement is used.
The correct final value from the calculation is compared with an age percentile table that shows how much a child exceeds the percentage of children his age for testicular volume. [4] Testicular volume changes throughout a male’s life and is as follows: [11] Childhood: 1 - 3 ml; Early adolescence (puberty begins, 10 to 13 years): 4 - 6 ml
Measuring the anogenital distance in neonatal humans has been suggested as a noninvasive method to determine male feminisation and female virilization and thereby predict neonatal and adult reproductive disorders. [7] A study by Swan et al. determined that the AGD is linked to fertility in males, and penis size. [3]
Ultrasonography is used to detect testicular volume. Testicular volume measured to be less than 12 mL is a sign of testicular atrophy. [10] In addition, testicular atrophy can be recognized as greater than 50% loss of testicular volume or a post-operative testicle with less than 25% of the volume of the opposite testicle. [23]