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This article provides a list of autoimmune diseases. These conditions, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, affect a range of organs and systems within the body. Each disorder is listed with the primary organ or body part that it affects and the associated autoantibodies that are typically found in people diagnosed ...
Diagnosis is based on symptoms, supported by a skin biopsy or blood tests. [6] While no cure is known, treatment may improve symptoms. [2] Medications used include corticosteroids, methotrexate, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). [2] Outcome depends on the extent of disease. [3]
The two main types of human skin are: glabrous skin, the hairless skin on the palms and soles (also referred to as the "palmoplantar" surfaces), and hair-bearing skin. [3] Within the latter type, the hairs occur in structures called pilosebaceous units , each with hair follicle , sebaceous gland , and associated arrector pili muscle. [ 4 ]
Sunlight has been documented to trigger numerous skin conditions and the confusing terminology and categorisation previously has made the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment difficult. [4] Variants of PLE have been described: [21] [12]
The physical examination of the skin and its appendages, as well as the mucous membranes, forms the cornerstone of an accurate diagnosis of cutaneous conditions. [29] Most of these conditions present with cutaneous surface changes termed "lesions," which have more or less distinct characteristics. [30]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Ichthyosis (also named fish scale disease) [1] is a family of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, thickened, scaly skin. [2] The more than 20 types of ichthyosis range in severity of symptoms, outward appearance, underlying genetic cause and mode of inheritance (e.g., dominant, recessive , autosomal or X-linked ). [ 3 ]
Ichthyosis vulgaris (also known as "autosomal dominant ichthyosis" [1] and "Ichthyosis simplex" [1]) is a skin disorder causing dry, scaly skin.It is the most common form, and one of the mildest forms, of ichthyosis, [2] [3]: 486 affecting around 1 in 250 people. [4]